Intellectual meter reading system cipher scheme of remote on the basis of the wireless sensor network
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Wireless sensor network
The wireless sensor network technique is a kind of close quarter, low complexity, low power consumption, low data rate, low-cost two-way wireless communication skill, it is a series of that has no technology about network connection, security and application software that line standard develops on 802.15.4 on the basis of IEEE. It supports 3 kinds of master self-organisation wireless network types, namely star network, three kinds colonial tree networks and mesh network are topological. The mesh network is Ad Hoc network of a kind of high reliability, the topological structure of the mesh network. Fig. 1 WSN mesh network structure chart
What this text studies concentrates the meter reading system on adopting the structural wireless sensor network technique of the mesh network on the basis of the wireless sensor network, realize the intersection of user and collector and data communication among the concentrator, realize concentrator and check meter data transmission between in the center through the intersection of CDMA/GPRS and network.
ZigBee technology
ZigBee the technical commercialization of a kind of wireless connections names, technology of this wireless connections mainly solves low cost, low power consumption, low complexity, low transmission rate, close-range apparatus and networks application. In the world, work group and ZigBee alliance are devoted to the technical popularization of this wireless connections together on IEEE 802.15.4, among them, the work group mainly takes charge of making ZigBee physical layer and agreement of the MAC layer on IEEE 802.15.4, other agreements mainly consult and adopt the existing standard, so that the interconnection and interflow of different manufacturer apparatuses in the future; ZigBee alliance responsible for the application and marketing work on the senior level. And ZigBee alliance established in 2002 has nowadays already attracted the joining of more than one hundred chips company, wireless device company. At present, international giants such as Freescale, TI,etc. have all already put out the more mature ZigBee developing platform. ZigBee standard set up on the basis of protocol stack on 802.15.4, has possessed the strong apparatus network savvy, it supports three kinds of master self-organisation wireless network types, namely star shaped structure, net structure (Mesh) Form structure (Cluster tree) that and form a cluster ,Especially net structure, have very strong network robustness and system reliability.
System architecture
GPRS network is widely coverd, the wireless network with comparatively complete characteristic, GPRS communication network has stronger data correction capabilities, the great reachable 128Kb/s of the data transmission rate can guarantee data transmissive reliability and real-time nature. Use ZigBee technology constituent wireless sensor network small, low cost simple in construction; The small, low power dissipation of adopting GPRS network and carrying on the transmissive module of data, is suitable to be the data node of the wireless sensor network, ZigBee technology, GPRS network data transmission make up the new developing wireless sensor network in conjunction with sensor technique.
The centralized meter reading system of WSN network adopts the distributed architecture wholly, between administrative center and concentrator of electricity consumption (the upper strata) Machine format collection adopts the star shaped structure; Between concentrator and collector (lower floor) Machine format collection adopts the netted network structure. Overall structure of the wireless meter reading system. Overall structure chart of wireless meter reading system of Fig. 2
The communication of upper strata regards systematic main website of the centre of power office as the centre, connect through the concentrator with dispersing of GPRS/CDMA network in every property Residential Area, form a connection form in N, realize it is connected online that the concentrator is real-time with that of data heart system; The communication of lower floor includes the concentrator collection, memory of the ammeter parameter, transmits, and transmit the order that the upper computer assigns and control etc. the ammeter. In consideration of cost and communication reliability, have designed the collector. Each residential building sets up a collector, the ammeter carries on communication through the collector of RS-485 total wired and, the collector carries on communication through WSN terminal node and WSN central node and concentrator of the center of housing estate. Synoptic diagram. Overall synoptic diagram of wireless meter reading system of Fig. 3
Adopt low-cost technology of WSN network connection, combining GPRS/CDMA network sets up a wireless transmission channel, have shortened the single-stage transmission distance, has weakened the fading channel and influence interfered with, have improved the transmissive stability of signal channel.
This wireless meter reading system has the following advantages:
The ammeter makes a copy of the data in time, accurate, the transmission capacity of the system is great.
Can carry on control operation such as remote control, parameter adjustment, switch to the apparatus of the ammeter.
Install, convenient maintenance, does not need to carry on special routing.
It is wide to concentrate ranges of checking meter, GPRS network is widely coverd, WSN technology makes dilatation unrestricted.
Main function of the system
The system transmits to the collector through the RS-485 bus line data interface or pulse signalling of the electric energy meter. Collector the intersection of polling and every the intersection of bus line and data, RS-485 of electric energy meter, or receive process behind the multi-channel pulse signal or count, and store the result.
The collector and communication of the concentrator adopt the wireless WSN module, the collector is in receiving state at ordinary times, when receiving the operation order of the concentrator, operate according to the order content, send this collector of relevant data to the concentrator through the wireless WSN module.
The concentrator can time or real time and copy and accept the data to the collector had under its command, and store. When higher authorities’ apparatus – administrative center computer transfers the data, bale and send the data stored to. The administrative center computer can carry on various operation in gathering terminally to the concentrator and through the concentrator.
Main module function
(1) Software of user management
The management software manages overall system, can transfer the data of any meter in the system at any time through having jurisdiction over the concentrator under, and deal with the data. Can send out various orders to the intrasystem apparatus at the same time. Its main function is as follows.
Read and set up various measurement data, management parameter.
Statistics, inquiry, backup, report form, charging to produce only of the expenses.
The management of the electric energy meter: Set up the primitive parameter of the electric energy meter, address, rate and state.
Rate management: But presume many kinds of rates arbitrarily.
The management of Residential Area: Set up the communication parameter to every Residential Area.
User management: Consumption, time,etc. to manage and control each unit; Manage users’ clearing form,etc..
Systems management function: Manage operating personnel and his authority; Various systems install the data, various communication are set up.
Copy the table function regularly: Check meter to all meters of system regularly, copy at least every day once, check meter the number of times can be presumed and kept data of checking meter once of the end.
Copy the table function in real time: Copy and fetch current data and state of any souvenir in real time.
Automatic school hour function: Automatic time when relatively fits in the positive system while checking meter regularly.
Deenergization function: User or debt can cut off the cable, ink, angry break rules and regulations.
The circuit break measures the function: At the time of the loose contact or circuit break of signal line, systematic automatic display.
Burglar-proof function: Carry on supervision to the intrasystem act of violating regulations.
Overladen warning function: User’s consumption calls the police when being more than 1.2 times of maximum value of the volume readout.
The power down data keep the function: At system or some apparatus deenergization, the data are kept for a long time.
Short out and measure the function: When the signal line shorts out, systematic automatic display.
The heartbeat monitors the function: Monitor the heartbeat data of each collector, concentrator, module of transmission over radio in real time.
The warning function of the message: When the data exception of heartbeat or other warning message appearing, will send messages to relevant personnel according to installation requirement.
(2) Module of data acquisition
Gather module can gather 8 electric pulse signal of meter, gather module can wheel patrol gather 16 digital electric energy meters and go on data translation and store. Its function is to deal with data acquisition to the watches of users, receive and come from the concentrator to send various operational commands, to the loopback meter data of the concentrator. Warn and control a sound of violation of the rules, defaulting subscriber.
(3) Concentrator (TDR-05JJ)
The concentrator is the bridge of the overall system, are used for terminal administration, data buffering. The concentrator receives various operational commands and download from computer of administrative center and gathers the terminal station on one hand; On the other hand, will gather various terminal information and pass the computer of administrative center back, still store data and pertinent parameter of the souvenir had jurisdiction over at the same time, and copy and accept and gather terminally regularly (the intellectual table) Data, look at and gather terminally before being real-time (intellectual table) Working condition,etc. function.
(4) Wireless sensor network module
The wireless sensor network module includes terminal module, router module and data concentrator module. Terminal module to go out data transmission of collector through the intersection of RS-485 and bus line, the intersection of router and module to play the intersection of data relay and function, the intersection of data concentrator and module all wireless the intersection of sensor network and data concentration, and through GPRS/CDMA network, reach the long-distance transmission of data to control the host computer. Its key chip uses CC2430 one-chip computer. Fig. 4 ZigBee key modular design
(5) Module of CDMA/GPRS transmission over radio
Module of CDMA/GPRS transmission over radio is used mainly in the long-range data transmission between the concentrators of Residential Area or and electric company supervisory computers.
Module of CDMA/GPRS transmission over radio meets with the concentrator RS-232 port or serial port of the supervisory computer of center of housing estate directly nearby, interlink and carry on the data in the central supervisory computer of Internet mutually through CDMA/GPRS network and power supply bureau.
Summary
Long-range meter reading system save time of intelligence, manpower, material resources, raising operating efficiency, reduce the property cost, the ammeter data display of using the household accurately and promptly will come out, have offered the valid solution for realizing the estate management of the science of Residential Area, system. The core of the long-range meter reading system of intelligence is to offer a acquisition of signal for control and data transmissive platform, can remote go on parameter setting, real-time monitor to ammeter and the trouble is judged. This system can be used in the long-range control of others instruments such as the water gauge, gas meter,etc..
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